| RUTHERFORD - REVIEW OF VASCULAR SURGERY | |
| SUMÁRIO | |
| Section 1 - BASIC CONSIDERATlON FOR CLlNICAL PRACTlCE | 1 |
| Robert B. Rutherford | |
| Chapter 1 | |
| Essentials of Clinical Evaluation | 1 |
| Chapter 2 | |
| Selection of Patients for Vascular Treatments | 1 |
| Chapter 3 | |
| Essential Considerations in Evaluating the Results of Treatment | 1 |
| Chapter 4 | |
| Maintaining a Computerized Vascular Registry | 2 |
| Chapter 5 | |
| Proper Outcomes Assessment: Patient-Based and Eeonomic Evaluations of | 2 |
| Vascular Interventions | |
| Chapter 6 | |
| Standardized Reporting Practices | 3 |
| Answers for Section 1 | 4 |
| Section 2 - BASIC VASCULAR SCIENCE | 9 |
| Anton N. Sidawy | |
| Chapter 7 | |
| Embryology of the Vascular System | 9 |
| Chapter 8 | |
| Basic Considerations of the Arterial Wall in Health and Disease | 9 |
| Chapter 9 | |
| Vascular Physiology: Essential Hemodynamic Principles | 9 |
| Chapter 10 | |
| Artery Wall Pathology in Atherosclerosis | 10 |
| Chapter 11 | |
| Intimal Hyperplasia: Basic Response to Arterial and Vein Graft lnjury and Reconstrucion | 10 |
| Chapter 12 | |
| Molecolar Biology and Gene Therapy in Vascular Disease | 10 |
| Answers for Section 2 | 12 |
| Section 3 - THE V ASCULAR DIAGNOSTlC LABORATORY: BASIC TECHNIQUES | 17 |
| Gregary L Maneta | |
| Chapter 13 | |
| The Vascular Laboratory | 17 |
| Chapter 14 | |
| Physiologic Assessment of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease | 17 |
| Chapter 15 | |
| Physiologic Assessment of the Venous System | 18 |
| Chapter 16 | |
| Arterial Doplex Scanning | 18 |
| Chapter 17 | |
| Venous Doplex Scanning | 19 |
| Answers for Section 3 | 20 |
| Section 4 - V ASCULAR IMAGING: BASIC TECHNIQUES AND APPLlCATlONS | 23 |
| Hugh G. Beebe | |
| Chapter 18 | |
| Principies of Arteriography | 23 |
| Chapter 19 | |
| Principies of Venography | 23 |
| Chapter 20 | |
| 3D Image Processing | 24 |
| Chapter 21 | |
| Computed Tomography, CT Angiography, and 3D Reconstruction for the Evaluation | |
| of Vascular Disease | 24 |
| Chapter 22 | |
| Magnetic Resonance lmaging and Angiography | 25 |
| Chapter 23 | |
| IntravascularUltrasound | 25 |
| Answers for Section 4 | 26 |
| Seciton 5 - ARTERIAL DISEASES: BASIC CONSIDERATlONS | 31 |
| R. James Valenflne | |
| Chapter 24 | |
| AtheroscIerosis: Plaque Characteristics and Concepts of Evolution | 31 |
| Chapter 25 | |
| Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) | 31 |
| Chapter 26 | |
| Takayasu's Disease: Nonspecific Aortoarteritis | 31 |
| Chapter 27 | |
| Arterial Fibrodysplasia | 32 |
| Chapter 28 | |
| Uncomnion Arteriopathies | 32 |
| Chapter 29 | |
| Arterial Aneurysms: Etiologic Considerations | 33 |
| Answers for Section 5 | 34 |
| Section 6 - BLEEDING AND .CLOTTING: FUNDAMENTAL CONSIDERATlONS | 39 |
| Thomas W. Wakefield | |
| Chapter 30 | |
| Normal and Abnormal CoaguIation | 39 |
| Chapter 31 | |
| Antithrombotic Therapy | 39 |
| Chapter 32 | |
| Thrombolytic Agents and Their Actions | 39 |
| Chapter 33 | |
| Perioperative Considerations: CoaguIopathy and Hemorrhage | 40 |
| Chapter 34 | |
| Vascular Thrombosis Due to Hypercoagulable States | 40 |
| Answers for Section 6 | 42 |
| Section 7 - NONOPERATlVE MANAGEMENT OF PATlENTS WITH VASCULAR | |
| DISEASES | 45 |
| Russell H. Samson | |
| Chapter 35 | |
| Overview: Medical Management in a Vascular Surgery Practice * | |
| (* Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 36 | |
| Atherogenesis and the Medical Management of Atherosclerosis | 45 |
| Chapter 37 | |
| Medical Treatment of Intermittent Clandication | 45 |
| Chapter 38 | |
| Hyperglycemia, Diabetes, and Syndrome X | 46 |
| Chapter 39 | |
| Hypertension and Patients with Vascular Disorders | 46 |
| Chapter 40 | |
| Vascular Pain | 46 |
| Answers for Section 7 | 48 |
| Section 8 - OPEN V ASeULAR SURGERY: BASlC CONSIDERATIONS | 51 |
| John J. Ricotta | |
| Chapter 41 | |
| General Strategies: Choice of Procedure and Technique | 51 |
| Chapter 42 | |
| Anatomy of Commonly Exposed Arteries | 51 |
| Chapter 43 | |
| Basic Vascular Surgical Techniques | 51 |
| Chapter 44 | |
| Techniques for Thromboembolectomy of Native Arteries and Bypass Grafts | 52 |
| Chapter 45 | |
| Endarterectomy | 52 |
| Chapter 46 | |
| Vascular Conduits: An Overview | 52 |
| Chapter 47 | |
| The Autogenous Grafts | 53 |
| Chapter 48 | |
| The Modified Biograft | 53 |
| Chapter 49 | |
| Prosthetic Grafts | 54 |
| Answers for Section 8 | 55 |
| Section 9 - ENDOVASCULAR SURGERY: BASIC CONSIDERATlONS | 61 |
| Kenneth Ourtel | |
| Chapter 50 | |
| Training in Endovascular Surgery | 61 |
| Chapter 51 | |
| Fundamental Techniques in Endovascular Surgery | 61 |
| Chapter 52 | |
| Basic Techniques of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair | 62 |
| Chapter 53 | |
| Intra-arteriaI Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis | 62 |
| Chapter 54 | |
| Complications of Endovascular Procedures | 62 |
| Answers for Section 9 | 64 |
| Section 10 - COMPLICATIONS OF VASCULAR SURGERY AND ISCHEMIA: | |
| PREVENTlON AND MANAGEMENT | 67 |
| Bruce Peller | |
| Chapter 55 | |
| Overview * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 56 | |
| Cardiac Complications: Screening and Prevention | 67 |
| Chapter 57 | |
| Respiratory Complications in Vascular Surgery | 67 |
| Chapter 58 | |
| Renal Complications | 68 |
| Chapter 59 | |
| Infection in Prosthetic Vascular Grafts | 68 |
| Chapter 60 | |
| Anastomotic Aneurysms | 68 |
| Chapter 61 | |
| Aortoenteric Fistula | 69 |
| Chapter 62 | |
| Ischemic Neuropathy | 69 |
| Chapter 63 | |
| Lymphatic Complications of Vascular Surgery | 69 |
| Chapter 64 | |
| Postoperative Sexnal Dysfunction after Aortoiliac Interventions | 69 |
| Chapter 65 | |
| Postoperative Graft Thrombosis: Prevention and Management | 70 |
| Answers for Section 10 | 71 |
| Section 11 - ACUTE LIMB ISCHEMIA | 77 |
| Kenneth Ouriel | |
| Chapter 66 | |
| Acnte Limb Ischemia | 77 |
| Chapter 67 | |
| Arterial Thromboembolism | 77 |
| Chapter 68 | |
| Atheromatous Embolization | 78 |
| Answers for Section 11 | 79 |
| Section 12 - VASCULAR TRAUMA | 83 |
| Fred A. Weaver | |
| Chapter 69 | |
| Epidemiology and Natural History of Vascular Trauma | 83 |
| Chapter 70 | |
| Carotid and Vertebral Artery Injuries | 83 |
| Chapter 71 | |
| Thoracic Vascular Trauma | 84 |
| Chapter 72 | |
| Abdominal Vascular Injuries | 84 |
| Chapter 73 | |
| Vascular Injuries of the Extremities | 84 |
| Chapter 74 | |
| Compartment Syndromes: Pathophysiology, Recognition, and Management | 85 |
| Chapter 75 | |
| Causalgia and Post-traumatic Pain Syndromes | 86 |
| Answers for Section 12 | 87 |
| Section 13 - MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ISCHEMIA OF THE LOWER | |
| EXTREMITIES | 93 |
| K. Wayne Johnston | |
| Chapter 76 | |
| The Chronically Ischemic Leg: An Overview * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 77 | |
| Natural History and Nonoperative Treatment of Cbronic Lower Extremity Ischemia | 93 |
| Chapter 78 | |
| Evaluation of the Patient with Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia | 93 |
| Chapter 79 | |
| Direct Reconstruction for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease | 94 |
| Chapter 80 | |
| Extra-Anatomic Bypass | 94 |
| Chapter 81 | |
| Infrainguinal Bypass | 94 |
| Chapter 82 | |
| Profondaplasty: Isolated and Adjunctive Applications | 95 |
| Chapter 83 | |
| Secondary Arterial Reconstructions in the Lower Extremity | 95 |
| Chapter 84 | |
| Endovascular Surgery in the Management of Chronic Lower Extremity Ischemia | 96 |
| Chapter 85 | |
| Lumbar Sympathectomy: Indications and Technique | 96 |
| Chapter 86 | |
| Nonatheromatous Causes of Poplitea1 Artery Disease | 96 |
| Chapter 87 | |
| Management of Foot Ulcers in Diabetes Mellitus | 97 |
| Chapter 88 | |
| Vascologenic Erectile Dysfunction | 97 |
| Answers for Section 13 | 98 |
| Section 14 - NEUROVASCULAR CONDITIONS INVOLVING THE UPPER | |
| EXTREMITY | 107 |
| Wllliam H. Pearce | |
| Chapter 89 | |
| Overview * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 90 | |
| Evaluation of Upper Extremity Ischemia | 107 |
| Chapter 91 | |
| Brachiocephalic Vessel Reconstruction | 107 |
| Chapter 92 | |
| Upper Extremity Revascularization | 108 |
| Chapter 93 | |
| Raynaud's Syndrome: Vasospastic and Occulsive Arterial Disease Involving | |
| the Distal Upper Extremity | 108 |
| Chapter 94 | |
| Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome | 108 |
| Chapter 95 | |
| Arterial Complications of Thoracic Outlet Compression | 109 |
| Chapter 96 | |
| Subclavian-Axillary Vein Thrombosis | 109 |
| Chapter 97 | |
| Upper Extremity Sympathectomy | 109 |
| Chapter 98 | |
| Occupational Vascular Problems | 109 |
| Answers for Section 14 | 111 |
| Section 15 - ARTERIAL ANEURYSMS | 117 |
| Jack L. Cronenwett | |
| Chapter 99 | |
| Overview | 117 |
| Chapter 100 | |
| Abdominal Aortic and lliac Aneurysms | 117 |
| Chapter 101 | |
| Endovascular Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms | 117 |
| Chapter 102 | |
| Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 118 |
| Chapter 103 | |
| Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms | 118 |
| Chapter 104 | |
| Aortic Dissection: Perspectives for the Vascular / Endovascular Surgeon | 119 |
| Chapter 105 | |
| Lower Extremity Aneurysms | 19 |
| Chapter 106 | |
| Upper Extremity Aneurysms | 120 |
| Chapter 107 | |
| Splanchnic Artery Aneurysms | 120 |
| Chapter 108 | |
| Infected Aneurysms | 120 |
| Answers for Section 15 | 122 |
| Section 16 - ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND | |
| VASCULAR TUMORS | 131 |
| Robert B. Rutherford | |
| Chapter 109 | |
| Overview * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 110 | |
| Diagnostic Evaluation of Arteriovenous Fistulas and Vascular Anomalies | 131 |
| Chapter 111 | |
| Arteriovenous Fistnlas of the Aorta and Its Major Branches | 132 |
| Chapter 112 | |
| Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulas | 132 |
| Chapter 113 | |
| Vascular Tumors and Malformations in Childhood | 132 |
| Chapter 114 | |
| Surgical Management of Vascular Malformations | 133 |
| Chapter 115 | |
| Endovascolar Treatment of Vascolar Anomalies | 133 |
| Chapter 116 | |
| Primary Tomors of Major Blood VesseIs: Diagnosis and Management | 133 |
| Answers for Section 16 | 135 |
| Section 17 - ARTERIOVENOUS HEMODIALYSIS ACCESS | 143 |
| Anton N. Sidawy | |
| Chapter 117 | |
| Strategies of Arteriovenous Dialysis Access | 143 |
| Chapter 118 | |
| Venous Transpositions in the Creation of Arteriovenous Access | 143 |
| Chapter 119 | |
| Management of Thrombosed Dialysis Access | 144 |
| Chapter 120 | |
| Nonthrombotic Complications of Arteriovenous Access for Hemodialysis | 144 |
| Answers for Section 17 | 145 |
| Section 18 - THE MANAGEMENT OF SPLANCHNIC VASCULAR LESIONS | |
| AND DISORDERS | 149 |
| James M. Seeger | |
| Chapter 121 | |
| Physiology and Diagnosis of Splanchnic Arterial Occlusion | 149 |
| Chapter 122 | |
| Treatment of Acute Intestinal Ischemia Cansed by Arterial Occlusions | 150 |
| Chapter 123 | |
| Diagnosis and Treatment of Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia | 150 |
| Chapter 124 | |
| Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia | 150 |
| Chapter 125 | |
| Intestinal lschemia Caused by Venous Thrombosis | 151 |
| Chapter 126 | |
| Portal Hypertension: SurgicaI Management of Its Complications | 152 |
| Answers for Section 18 | 153 |
| Section 19 - THE MANAGEMENT OF RENOVASCULAR DISORDERS | 159 |
| Klmberley J. Hansen | |
| Chapter 127 | |
| Renovascolar Disease: An Overview * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 128 | |
| Renal Artery lmaging and Physiologic Testing | 159 |
| Chapter 129 | |
| Renal Artery Fibrodysplasia and Renovascular Hypertension | 159 |
| Chapter 130 | |
| Atherosclerotic RenovascuIar Disease and Ischemic Nephropathy | 159 |
| Chapter 131 | |
| Endovascular Treatment of Renovascular Disease | 160 |
| Chapter 132 | |
| Open SurgicaI Repair of RenovascuIar Disease | 160 |
| Chapter 133 | |
| Renal Artery Aneurysms and Arteriovenons Fistulae | 160 |
| Chapter 134 | |
| Acute Renovascular Occlusive Events | 160 |
| Answers for Section 19 | 162 |
| Section 20 – MANAGEMENT OF EXTRACRANIAL CEREBROVASCULAR | |
| DISEASE | 167 |
| William C. Krupsld | |
| Chapter 135 | |
| Fundamental Considerations in CerebrovascoIar Disease | 167 |
| Chapter 136 | |
| Diagnostic Evaluation and Medical Management of Patients with Ischemic | 167 |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | |
| Chapter 137 | |
| Anatomy and Angiographic Diagnosis of Extracranial and Intracranial | 168 |
| VascuIar Disease | |
| Chapter 138 | |
| The Role of Noninvasive Studies in the Diagnosis and Management of | |
| Cerebrovascular Disease | 168 |
| Chapter 139 | |
| Indications, Surgical Technique, and Results for Repair of Extracranial | 169 |
| Occlusive Lesions | |
| Chapter 140 | |
| Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting | 169 |
| Chapter 141 | |
| Vertebrobasilar Jschemia: Indications, Techniques, and Results of Surgical Repair | 169 |
| Chapter 142 | |
| EndovascuIar and Surgical Management of Extracranial Carotid FibromuscuIar Arterial | |
| Dysplasia | 170 |
| Chapter 143 | |
| Aneurysms of the Extracranial Carotid Artery | 171 |
| Chapter 144 | |
| Uncommou Disorders Affecting the Carotid Arteries | 171 |
| Chapter 145 | |
| Complications Following Carotid Endarterectomy and Perioperative Management | 172 |
| Answers for Section 20 | 173 |
| Section 21 - THE MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS DISORDERS | 183 |
| Peter Gloviczkl | |
| Chapter 146 | |
| Introduction and General Considerations * | |
| (*Asterisks denote chapters without questions) | |
| Chapter 147 | |
| Pathophysiology and Natural History of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis | 183 |
| Chapter 148 | |
| ClinicaI and Diagnostic EvaIuation of the Patient with Deep Venous Thrombosis | 183 |
| Chapter 149 | |
| Prevention and MedicaI Treatment of Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis | 184 |
| Chapter 150 | |
| Catheter-Based Interventions for Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis | 184 |
| Chapter 151 | |
| SurgicaI Thrombectomy for Acnte Deep Venous Thrombosis | 184 |
| Chapter 152 | |
| Vena CavaI Interruption Procedures | 184 |
| Chapter 153 | |
| Superficial Thrombophlebitis: Diagnosis and Management | 185 |
| Chapter 154 | |
| The Pathophysiology of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | 185 |
| Chapter 155 | |
| CIassification and ClinicaI and Diagnostic EvaIuation of Patients with Chronic | 185 |
| Venous Disorders | |
| Chapter 156 | |
| Nonoperative Management of Chronic Venous Insufficiency | 186 |
| Chapter 157 | |
| Varicose Veins: Treatment by Intervention Including Sclerofllerapy | 186 |
| Chapter 158 | |
| Management of Perforator Vein Incompetence | 187 |
| Chapter 159 | |
| The Surgical Treatment of Deep Venons Valvular Incompetence | 187 |
| Chapter 160 | |
| Surgical Treatment of Chronic Occlusions of the Iliac Veins and the Inferior Vena Cava | 188 |
| Chapter 161 | |
| EndovascuIar Treatment of Chronic Occlusions of the Iliac Veins and the Inferior | 188 |
| Vena Cava | |
| Chapter 162 | |
| Endovascular Treatment of Vena Caval Occlusions | 189 |
| Chapter 163 | |
| Evaluation and Management of Malignant Tnmors of the Inferior Vena Cava | 189 |
| Chapter 164 | |
| Surgical Treatment of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome | 189 |
| Answers for Section 21 | 191 |
| Section 22 – THE MANAGEMENT OF LYMPHATIC DlSORDERS | 203 |
| Peter Gloviczki | |
| Chapter 165 | |
| Lymphedema: An Overview | 203 |
| Chapter 166 | |
| Lymph Circulatory Dynamics, Lymphangiogenesis, and Pathophysiology of the | |
| Lymphovascular System | 203 |
| Chapter 167 | |
| Clinical Diagnosis and EvaIuation of Lymphedema | 204 |
| Chapter 168 | |
| Nonoperative Management of Chronic Lymphedema | 204 |
| Chapter 169 | |
| Surgical Treatment of Chronic Lymphedema and Primary ChyIous Complications | 204 |
| Answers for Section 22 | 205 |
| Section 23 - EXTREMITY AMPUTATION FOR V ASCULAR DISEASE | 209 |
| Mark R. Nehler | |
| Chapter 170 | |
| Amputation: An Overview | 209 |
| Chapter 171 | |
| Lower Extremity Amputation: Indications, Patient Evaluation, and LeveI Determination | 209 |
| Chapter 172 | |
| Lower Extremity Amputation: Technique and Perioperative Care | 210 |
| Chapter 173 | |
| Lower Extremity Amputation: Perioperative Complications | 210 |
| Chapter 174 | |
| FunctionaI Outcome and Natural History of Major Lower Extremity Amputation | 211 |
| Chapter 175 | |
| Upper Extremity Amputation | 211 |
| Chapter 176 | |
| Revascularization versus Amputation | 211 |
| Answers for Section 23 | 213 |